![]() PHP throws \ValueError exceptions if the provided value is of correct type, but not acceptable in the context. + Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: method_exists(): Argument #1 ($object_or_class) must be of type object|string, array given in. Prior to PHP 8, it returned false if the provided parameter is not a string or an object, but did not raise any warnings. This is enforced as a Union Type of string|object. For example, method_exists() function accepts either a class name ( string) or an object ( object). Union types are used when they are deemed necessary. Some functions, such as method_exists() did not throw exceptions on unexpected values, but returned a value that fulfills the semantic return values of the function. + Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: substr(): Argument #2 ($start) must be of type int, array given in. Warning: substr() expects parameter 2 to be int, array given in. The type is now enforced and throws exceptions in PHP 8. PHP versions prior to 8 will raise a warning and return null instead of throwing a \TypeError and refusing to go forward. This can eliminate a lot of subtle bugs because most of these string functions return either false or null on such unexpected types, which can result in a bug somewhere else. Most of the PHP internal functions that accept a typed parameter now throw \TypeError exceptions instead of warnings. However, this results in fewer bugs once fixed because PHP makes sure to defend aggressively against invalid values. This can result in applications that dismissed the warning prior to PHP 8 to fail due to the unexpected exception. With types and values enforced, json_decode() function throws an exception when it encounters an unexpected type or a value. If you call json_decode() with an invalid $depth, json_decode() function will raise a warning, but still return null, which is an acceptable return type of the original json-encoded value is also null. This was not enforced with an exception prior to PHP 8. This can lead to subtle bugs that are later discovered, if discovered at all, in different parts of the program.įor example, json_decode() function accepts a $depth parameter that must be a positive integer. Many of the PHP internal functions gracefully handle unexpected values by raising a PHP warning, but still returning a "false-ish" value such as null, false, or 0. ![]() Out of all PHP 8 changes, this will likely be the biggest pain-point when you upgrade existing code. This includes functions that accept multiple types (such as a string or an array) because PHP 8 comes with Union Types. Not all PHP warnings emitted by internal functions are transformed to exceptions, but majority of the functions will throw \TypeError or \ValueError exceptions if the provided type is not allowed, or the provided value is invalid. Prior to PHP 8, this resulted in a PHP warning. ![]() This is what the result looks like in the Chrome browser.Īn illegal character can also trigger a 400 Bad request error.In PHP 8, internal function parameters have types and value validations enforced, and will throw \TypeError or \ValueError exceptions if the expected type or value is not allowed. A properly encoded space should be %20 and not %%20. Note the extra % character immediately after the word malformed in the URL. The following link is an example of a URL containing characters the server won’t be able to process, hence a 400 Bad Request error is triggered. This is surprisingly easy to do by mistake and can happen if a URL has been encoding incorrectly. ![]() ![]() The HTTP error 400 can occur due to incorrectly typed URL, malformed syntax, or a URL that contains illegal characters. The request hostname is invalidĤ00 Bad Request. ![]()
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